Two studies are reported here, conducted in two areas at the Wairio wetland over two desiccation periods. This hydrosere reflects differences in the degree of adaptation to aquatic life of different plant species. However, issues still remain due to the majority of the wetland still being used for farming, so there is no continuity between the three fenced restoration stages artificial hydrological flow and water storage and established willow trees along the wetland boundary. Most ephemeral wetland vegetation displays a strong pattern of zonation, through a sequence from open water to dry land, which is correlated in some way with the duration and periodicity of water inundation. The co-management by the Department of Conservation and Ducks Unlimited, commenced in 2005, has begun a positive shift for the wetland.

Wairio wetland has been destroyed by the effects of partial draining, unnatural hydrological control, clearing of native forest, construction of Parera Road separating once joined wetlands and the establishment of invasive willow trees and agricultural grasses. Important restoration components include control of invasive weeds, emphasis on the presence of locally native species and restoration of the hydrological component. The Wairio wetland is part of the largest wetland complex in the southern North Island and supports a number of native flora and fauna, of national and international importance. Wetland restoration involves reconstructing natural sites that have been degraded or completely lost and re-establishing their functions and values as vital ecosystems. Despite now having a greater understanding of wetlands and their ecological importance, degradation of wetlands continues, mainly due to anthropogenic activities. However, they were historically used by humans for hunting and fishing, wetlands were considered wastelands, best used when drained and filled for agricultural, industrial and residential development. The world’s wetlands are known for being highly productive environments and supporting significant numbers of fauna and flora species that rely on the wetland’s primary productions for survival.

Ephemeral wetlands