ET WEATHER CALCULATOR MANUAL
ET WEATHER CALCULATOR SKIN
ET WEATHER CALCULATOR FULL
ET WEATHER CALCULATOR SOFTWARE
ET WEATHER CALCULATOR SERIES

These conditions, nearing or beyond prolonged human physiological tolerance, have mostly occurred only for 1- to 2-hours’ duration (fig. Our survey of the climate record from station data reveals many global TW exceedances of 31° and 33☌ and two stations that have already reported multiple daily maximum TW values above 35☌. Results suggest that, under the business-as-usual RCP8.5 emissions scenario, TW could regularly exceed 35☌ in parts of South Asia and the Middle East by the third quarter of the 21st century ( 14– 16). The awareness of a physiological limit has prompted modeling studies to ask how soon it may be crossed. In the literature to date, there have been no observational reports of TW exceeding 35☌ and few reports exceeding 33☌ ( 9, 11, 14, 15). Because the ideal physiological and behavioral assumptions are almost never met, severe mortality and morbidity impacts typically occur at much lower values-for example, regions affected by the deadly 2003 European and 2010 Russian heat waves experienced TW values no greater than 28☌ (fig. Once the air (dry-bulb) temperature (T) rises above this threshold, metabolic heat can only be shed via sweat-based latent cooling, and at TW exceeding about 35☌, this cooling mechanism loses its effectiveness altogether.

ET WEATHER CALCULATOR SKIN

A normal internal human body temperature of 36.8° ± 0.5☌ requires skin temperatures of around 35☌ to maintain a gradient directing heat outward from the core ( 10, 13).

ET WEATHER CALCULATOR FULL

For further information and download of the data refer to the concerned webpages.While some heat-humidity impacts can be avoided through acclimation and behavioral adaptation ( 12), there exists an upper limit for survivability under sustained exposure, even with idealized conditions of perfect health, total inactivity, full shade, absence of clothing, and unlimited drinking water ( 9, 10).

ET WEATHER CALCULATOR SOFTWARE

If the ETo calculator software is correctly installed, it occupies less than 2 Mb on disk.įor the advantage of the user, climatic input data can de imported from files exported from FAO database facility CLIMWAT and FaoClim.

ET WEATHER CALCULATOR MANUAL

The ETo Calculator is a public domain software, and an installation disk (1.5 Mb) and a software copy of the Reference Manual can be freely downloaded. It includes a Reference Manual, which explains the use of the computer program.

ET WEATHER CALCULATOR SERIES

The program is available in English, and is distributed as Land and Water Digital Media Series No 36. Specified and derived climatic data, including ETo, can be exported in text files compatible with AquaCrop or plotted in various ways specified by the user.ĮTo calculator is meant as a practical tool to help agro-meteorologists, agronomists, and irrigation engineers to carry out standard calculations for ETo, to be later used in crop water use studies.ĮTo calculator version 3.1, issued in January 2009, is written in Borland DELPHI and runs in the DOS environment. Even where the dataset contains only maximum and minimum air temperature, it is still possible to obtain reasonable estimates for ten-day or monthly ETo.īy selecting appropriate lower and upper limits for meteorological data, the program applies a quality check when specifying or importing data.

When data for some weather variables are missing, procedures are used for estimating missing climatic data from temperature data or from specific climatic conditions according to methodologies outlined in the Irrigation and Drainage Paper No 56.: 'Crop Evapotranspiration'. The data can be given in a wide variety of units and data specified in commonly used climatic parameters can be processed. The program can handle daily, ten-day and monthly climatic data. This method has been selected by FAO as the reference because it closely approximates grass ETo at the location evaluated, is physically based, and explicitly incorporates both physiological and aerodynamic parameters. The ETo calculator assesses ETo from meteorological data by means of the FAO Penman-Monteith equation. The reference crop completely covers the soil, is kept short, well watered and is actively growing under optimal agronomic conditions. A large uniform grass field is considered worldwide as the reference surface.

Its main function is to calculate Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) according to FAO standards.ĮTo represents the evapotranspiration rate from a reference surface, not short of water. ETo calculator is a software developed by the Land and Water Division of FAO.

Et weather calculator